What are Parsons' two basic functions of the family?

• A. Economic production and political influence
• B. Primary socialisation of children and stabilisation of adult personalities
• C. Religious instruction and moral guidance
• D. Education and healthcare

Answer: (B)

Parsons looks at the family’s role in modern society and focuses on two key functions it serves. First, the family is responsible for primary socialisation of children—the process of teaching the norms, values, language and culture that help children fit into society and cooperate with others. This creates a shared culture and smooths social interaction across generations. Second, the family helps with the stabilisation of adult personalities: it provides emotional support and a secure, loving environment that helps adults cope with the stresses of work and adult roles, allowing them to return to their duties with emotional balance.

This is why the option stating those two functions is the best. Other choices mix in roles more connected to other institutions or to different theories (for example, economic production or political influence, religious instruction, or education and healthcare systems) and don’t capture Parsons’ twofold view of what the family itself does to maintain social order.