What is the effect of resource constraints in single-parent families?

• A. They always perform better academically.
• B. They may face more stress and resource constraints, affecting attainment.
• C. They are identical to two-parent families in resources.
• D. They have more free time and resources than two-parent families.

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is that having limited resources can shape how well a child does at school. In many single-parent households, financial strain and the need to juggle work with childcare mean less money for books, transport, equipment, tutoring, nutritious meals, and other study supports. The parent may also have less time or energy to help with homework or attend school events, which can affect a child’s consistency, motivation, and opportunities to learn. All of this can lead to lower attainment compared with households with more stable resources and support. While some single-parent families do manage well, the routine pattern seen in research is that resource constraints and higher stress can negatively affect schooling. The other options assume better or equal resources or more free time, which doesn’t match the typical impact of having fewer resources.