Which factor helped maintain class inequalities after the Butler Act?

• A. The 11 plus exam used middle-class language and was culturally biased
• B. Teachers in secondary modern were higher paid
• C. There were identical resources across schools
• D. Grammar schools were abolished

Answer: (A)

The key idea is that the 11-plus test used language and cultural references that reflected middle-class experiences, giving those children an advantage in gaining entry to grammar schools. Because grammar schools tended to offer better academic routes and future opportunities, pupils from middle-class backgrounds were more likely to pass and access higher-status schooling, while many working-class pupils ended up in secondary moderns with fewer prospects. This selective bias helped keep class inequalities going by shaping who could access the more advantaged educational path. The other options don’t explain this lasting gap: pay differences for secondary modern teachers, identical resources across schools, or the abolition of grammar schools do not account for how the initial selection process reinforced unequal outcomes.